(1519-1559) King of France from 1547. He captured the fortresses of Metz and Verdun from the Holy Roman emperor Charles V and Calais from the English. He was killed in a tournament.
In 1526 he was sent with his brother to Spain as a hostage, being returned when there was peace 1530. He married Catherine de' Medici 1533, and from then on was dominated by her, Diane de Poitiers, and Duke Montmorency. Three of his sons, Francis II, Charles IX, and Henry III, became kings of France.(1133-1189) King of England from 1154, when he succeeded Stephen. He was the son of Matilda and Geoffrey of Anjou (1113–1151). He curbed the power of the barons, but his attempt to bring the church courts under control had to be abandoned after the murder of Thomas ŕ Becket. During his reign the English conquest of Ireland began. He was succeeded by his son Richard I.
He was lord of Scotland, Ireland, and Wales, and count of Anjou, Brittany, Poitou, Normandy, Maine, Gascony, and Aquitaine. He was married to Eleanor of Aquitaine.

(1133-1189) First Plantagenet King of England; instituted judicial and financial reforms; quarreled with archbishop Becket concerning the authority of the crown over the church.